The Tumultuous 20th Century
The 20th century was a period of significant change for the United Kingdom, marked by two World Wars, the dismantling of the British Empire, and substantial social and cultural shifts. This timeline highlights some of the key events that shaped the UK during this transformative century.
1901
Queen Victoria dies, ending the Victorian era. Her son Edward VII becomes king, ushering in the Edwardian era.
1914-1918
World War I. The UK plays a significant role in the Allied victory, but at a great cost in lives and resources.
1918
The Representation of the People Act grants voting rights to women over 30 who meet minimum property qualifications.
1922
The Irish Free State is established, marking the beginning of Irish independence from British rule.
1928
All women over 21 gain the right to vote, achieving equal suffrage with men.
1939-1945
World War II. The UK stands alone against Nazi Germany for a time before the entry of the Soviet Union and USA into the war.
1945
Labour Party wins the general election. Clement Attlee becomes Prime Minister and introduces the welfare state.
1947
India gains independence, marking the beginning of the end of the British Empire.
1952
Elizabeth II becomes Queen after the death of her father, King George VI.
1956
The Suez Crisis marks the end of Britain's role as a superpower.
1960s
The "Swinging Sixties" bring significant cultural and social change to the UK.
1973
The UK joins the European Economic Community (EEC), predecessor to the European Union.
1979
Margaret Thatcher becomes the UK's first female Prime Minister, beginning an era of significant economic and social reforms.
1982
The Falklands War between the UK and Argentina.
1989
The fall of the Berlin Wall marks the end of the Cold War, reshaping global politics.
1997
Tony Blair becomes Prime Minister, leading the "New Labour" government. Hong Kong is returned to China, marking the end of the British Empire.
1998
The Good Friday Agreement is signed, bringing peace to Northern Ireland after decades of conflict.
1999
Devolution leads to the creation of the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly.
Legacy of the 20th Century
The 20th century saw the United Kingdom transition from a global imperial power to a modern European nation. It weathered two world wars, adapted to the loss of its empire, and underwent significant social and cultural changes. The century ended with the UK as a multicultural society, a nuclear power, and a key player in international affairs, setting the stage for the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century.